JavaScript 数组

wanglinzhizhi Feb 08, 2016

数组

数组是值的有序集合。每个值叫做元素，每个元素在数组中都有数字位置编号，也就是索引。JS中的数组是弱类型的，数组中可以含有不同类型的元素。数组元素甚至可以是对象或其它数组。

var arr = [1, true, null, undefined, {x : 1}, [1, 2, 3]];

创建数组

创建数组-字面量

var BAT = ['Alibaba', 'Tencent', 'Baidu'];
var students = [{name : 'Bosn', age : 27}, {name : 'Nunnly', age : 3}];
var arr = ['Nunnly', 'is', 'big', 'keng', 'B', 123, true, null];
var arrInArr = [[1, 2], [3, 4, 5]];
var commasArr1 = [1, , 2]; // 1, undefined, 2
var commasArr2 = [,,]; // undefined * 2

创建数组-new Array

var arr = new Array(); 
var arrWithLength = new Array(100); // undefined * 100
var arrLikesLiteral = new Array(true, false, null, 1, 2, "hi");
// 等价于[true, false, null, 1, 2, "hi"];

数组元素读写

var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
arr[1]; // 2
arr.length; // 5
arr[5] = 6;
arr.length; // 6
delete arr[0];
arr[0]; // undefined

数组的增删

动态的,无需指定大小

var arr = [];
arr[0] = 1;
arr[1] = 2;
arr.push(3);
arr; // [1, 2, 3]
arr[arr.length] = 4; // equal to arr.push(4);
arr; // [1, 2, 3, 4]
arr.unshift(0);
arr; // [0, 1, 2, 3, 4];
delete arr[2];
arr; // [0, 1, undefined, 3, 4]
arr.length; // 5
2 in arr; // false
arr.length -= 1;
arr; // [0, 1, undefined, 3, 4],  4 is removed
arr.pop(); // 3 returned by pop
arr; // [0, 1, undefined], 3 is removed
arr.shift(); // 0 returned by shift
arr; // [1, undefined]

数组迭代

var i = 0, n = 10;
var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
for (; i < n; i++) {
    console.log(arr[i]); // 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
}
for(i in arr) {
    console.log(arr[i]); // 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
}
Array.prototype.x = 'inherited';
for(i in arr) {
    console.log(arr[i]); // 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, inherited
}
for(i in arr) {
    if (arr.hasOwnProperty(i)) {
        console.log(arr[i]); // 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
    }
}

二维数组

var arr = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
var i = 0, j = 0;
var row;
for (; i < arr.length; i++) {
     row = arr[i];
     console.log('row ' + i);
     for (j = 0; j < row.length; j++) {
          console.log(row[j]);
     }
}

稀疏数组

稀疏数组并不含有从0开始的连续索引。一般length属性值比实际元素个数大。

var arr1 = [undefined];
var arr2 = new Array(1);
0 in arr1; // true
0 in arr2; // false
arr1.length = 100;
arr1[99] = 123;
99 in arr1; // true
98 in arr1; // false
var arr = [,,];
0 in arr; // false

数组方法

{}   =>  Object.prototype
[]   =>  Array.prototype

Array.prototype.join()

将数组转化成字符串

var arr = [1, 2, 3];
arr.join(); // "1,2,3"
arr.join("_"); // "1_2_3"
function repeatString(str, n) {
     return new Array(n + 1).join(str);
}
repeatString("a", 3); // "aaa"
repeatString("Hi", 5); // "HiHiHiHiHi"

Array.prototype.reverse

Array.prototype.sort

Notes:原数组被修改

var arr = ["a", "d", "c", "b"];
arr.sort(); // ["a", "b", "c", "d"]
arr = [13, 24, 51, 3];
arr.sort(); // [13, 24, 3, 51]
arr; // [13, 24, 3, 51]
arr.sort(function(a, b) {
     return a - b;
}); // [3, 13, 24, 51]
arr = [{age : 25}, {age : 39}, {age : 99}];
arr.sort(function(a, b) {
     return a.age - b.age;
});
arr.forEach(function(item) {
     console.log('age', item.age);
});
// result:
// age 25
// age 39
// age 99

Array.prototype.concat

Notes:原数组不被修改

var arr = [1, 2, 3];
arr.concat(4, 5); // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
arr; // [1, 2, 3]
arr.concat([10, 11], 13); // [1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 13]
arr.concat([1, [2, 3]]); // [1, 2, 3, 1, [2, 3]]

Array.prototype.slice

Notes:原数组未被修改

var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
arr.slice(1, 3); // [2, 3]
arr.slice(1); // [2, 3, 4, 5]
arr.slice(1, -1); // [2, 3, 4]
arr.slice(-4, -3); // [2]

Notes:原数组被修改

var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
arr.splice(2); // returns [3, 4, 5]
arr; // [1, 2];
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
arr.splice(2, 2); // returns [3, 4]
arr; // [1, 2, 5];
arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
arr.splice(1, 1, 'a', 'b'); // returns [2]
arr; // [1, "a", "b", 3, 4, 5]

Array.prototype.forEach

var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
arr.forEach(function(x, index, a){
    console.log(x + '|' + index + '|' + (a === arr));
});
// 1|0|true
// 2|1|true
// 3|2|true
// 4|3|true
// 5|4|true

Array.prototype.map

var arr = [1, 2, 3];
arr.map(function(x) {
     return x + 10;
}); // [11, 12, 13]
arr; // [1, 2, 3]

Array.prototype.filter

var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];
arr.filter(function(x, index) {
     return index % 3 === 0 || x >= 8;
}); // returns [1, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10]
arr; // [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

Array.prototype.indexOf&lastIndexOf

var arr = [1, 2, 3, 2, 1];
arr.indexOf(2); // 1
arr.indexOf(99); // -1
arr.indexOf(1, 1); // 4
arr.indexOf(1, -3); // 4
arr.indexOf(2, -1); // -1
arr.lastIndexOf(2); // 3
arr.lastIndexOf(2, -2); // 3
arr.lastIndexOf(2, -3); // 1

Array.isArray

Array.isArray([]); // true
[] instanceof Array; // true
({}).toString.apply([]) === '[object Array]'; // true
[].constructor === Array; // true

字符串和数组

var str = "hello world";
str.charAt(0); // "h"
str[1]; // e
Array.prototype.join.call(str, "_");
// "h_e_l_l_o_ _w_o_r_l_d"
var str = "hello world";
str.charAt(0); // "h"
str[1]; // e
Array.prototype.join.call(str, "_");
// "h_e_l_l_o_ _w_o_r_l_d"